โ–ธโ–ธ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฌ๐Ÿ‡ง Nitrogen
  • ๐Ÿ‡บ๐Ÿ‡ฆ ะะทะพั‚
  • ๐Ÿ‡จ๐Ÿ‡ณ ๆฐฎ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ณ๐Ÿ‡ฑ Stikstof
  • ๐Ÿ‡ซ๐Ÿ‡ท Azote
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฉ๐Ÿ‡ช Stickstoff
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡ฑ ื—ื ืงืŸ
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฎ๐Ÿ‡น Azoto
  • ๐Ÿ‡ฏ๐Ÿ‡ต ็ช’็ด 
  • ๐Ÿ‡ต๐Ÿ‡น Nitrogênio
  • ๐Ÿ‡ช๐Ÿ‡ธ Nitrógeno
  • ๐Ÿ‡ธ๐Ÿ‡ช Kväve
  • ๐Ÿ‡ท๐Ÿ‡บ ะะทะพั‚

Nitrogen - 7N: properties of free atoms

Nitrogen atoms have 7 electrons and the shell structure is  2.5.

The ground state electron configuration of ground state gaseous neutral nitrogen is  [He].2s2.2p3 and the term symbol is  4S3/2.

Kossel shell structure of nitrogen
Schematic electronic configuration of nitrogen.
Kossel shell structure of nitrogen
The Kossel shell structure of nitrogen.

Atomic spectrum

 

A representation of the atomic spectrum of nitrogen.

Ionisation Energies and electron affinity

The electron affinity of nitrogen is 7 kJ mol‑1. The ionisation energies of nitrogen are given below.

Ionisation energies of nitrogen
Ionisation energy number Enthalpy / kJ mol‑1
1st1402.33
2nd2856.09
3rd4577.77
4th7475.05
5th9444.96
6th53266.4
7th64360.1
Ionisation energies of nitrogen
Ionisation energies of nitrogen.

Effective Nuclear Charges

The following are "Clementi-Raimondi" effective nuclear charges, Zeff. Follow the hyperlinks for more details and for graphs in various formats.

Effective nuclear charges for nitrogen
1s6.6651  
2s3.85 2p3.83  
3s(no data) 3p(no data) 3d(no data)  
4s(no data) 4p(no data) 4d(no data) 4f(no data)
5s(no data) 5p(no data) 5d(no data)  
6s(no data) 6p(no data)  
7s   

References

These effective nuclear charges, Zeff, are adapted from the following references:

  1. E. Clementi and D.L.Raimondi, J. Chem. Phys. 1963, 38, 2686.
  2. E. Clementi, D.L.Raimondi, and W.P. Reinhardt, J. Chem. Phys. 1967, 47, 1300.

Electron binding energies

Electron binding energies for nitrogen. All values of electron binding energies are given in eV. The binding energies are quoted relative to the vacuum level for rare gases and H2, N2, O2, F2, and Cl2 molecules; relative to the Fermi level for metals; and relative to the top of the valence band for semiconductors.
Label Orbital eV [literature reference]
K 1s409.9 [2]
L I2s37.3 [2]

Notes

I am grateful to Gwyn Williams (Jefferson Laboratory, Virginia, USA) who provided the electron binding energy data. The data are adapted from references 1-3. They are tabulated elsewhere on the WWW (reference 4) and in paper form (reference 5).

References

  1. J. A. Bearden and A. F. Burr, "Reevaluation of X-Ray Atomic Energy Levels," Rev. Mod. Phys., 1967, 39, 125.
  2. M. Cardona and L. Ley, Eds., Photoemission in Solids I: General Principles (Springer-Verlag, Berlin) with additional corrections, 1978.
  3. Gwyn Williams WWW table of values
  4. D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 81st edition, 2000.
  5. J. C. Fuggle and N. Mårtensson, "Core-Level Binding Energies in Metals," J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom., 1980, 21, 275.