Thermodynamic properties

A definition will appear here.

Units

None

Notes

The values of ΔH_f⁸ and ΔG_f⁸ represent the changes in H or G when one mole of the element is formed in the defined state isothermally from the elements in its appropriate standard state. The standard state is chosen to be the state that is thermodynamically stable at 25⁸C and 1 atmosphere pressure. The standard state is shown as those for which ΔH_f and ΔG_f are precisely zero.

The values of S⁸ represent the virtual of thermal "entropy" of the element in the standard state at 298.15 K, omitting contributions from nuclear spins and isotope mixing effects.

The heat capacity, C_p⁸, is the quantity of heat required to increase the temperature by 1 K of one mole of the element in the defined state. The units are J K^-1 mol^-1. This quantity is dependent upon temperature in a complex fashion. See Ref. 2 for further details.

Literature sources

G.W.C. Kaye and T.H. Laby in Tables of physical and chemical constants, Longman, London, UK, 15th edition, 1993.
D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
A.M. James and M.P. Lord in Macmillan's Chemical and Physical Data, Macmillan, London, UK, 1992.

Explore the element of your choice through this periodic table.
1	2		3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18
1 H			2 He
3 Li	4 Be		5 B	6 C	7 N	8 O	9 F	10 Ne
11 Na	12 Mg		13 Al	14 Si	15 P	16 S	17 Cl	18 Ar
19 K	20 Ca		21 Sc	22 Ti	23 V	24 Cr	25 Mn	26 Fe	27 Co	28 Ni	29 Cu	30 Zn	31 Ga	32 Ge	33 As	34 Se	35 Br	36 Kr
37 Rb	38 Sr		39 Y	40 Zr	41 Nb	42 Mo	43 Tc	44 Ru	45 Rh	46 Pd	47 Ag	48 Cd	49 In	50 Sn	51 Sb	52 Te	53 I	54 Xe
55 Cs	56 Ba	*	71 Lu	72 Hf	73 Ta	74 W	75 Re	76 Os	77 Ir	78 Pt	79 Au	80 Hg	81 Tl	82 Pb	83 Bi	84 Po	85 At	86 Rn
87 Fr	88 Ra	**	103 Lr	104 Rf	105 Db	106 Sg	107 Bh	108 Hs	109 Mt	110 Ds	111 Rg	112 Cn	113 Nh	114 Fl	115 Mc	116 Lv	117 Ts	118 Og

*Lanthanoids	*	57 La	58 Ce	59 Pr	60 Nd	61 Pm	62 Sm	63 Eu	64 Gd	65 Tb	66 Dy	67 Ho	68 Er	69 Tm	70 Yb
**Actinoids	**	89 Ac	90 Th	91 Pa	92 U	93 Np	94 Pu	95 Am	96 Cm	97 Bk	98 Cf	99 Es	100 Fm	101 Md	102 No

Explore the element of your choice through this periodic table.

103

104

105

106

107

108

109

110

111

112

113

114

115

116

117

118

*Lanthanoids

**Actinoids

100

101

102