WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Californium

Californium: the essentials

Californium is a radioactive rare earth metal named after the state of California and the University of California (USA). Californium-252 is a strong neutron emitter and one microgram emits 170 million neutrons per minute, making it a biological hazard. It has a few specialised uses but only a few of its compounds are known.

Table: basic information about and classifications of californium.
Name: Californium Symbol: Cf Atomic number: 98 Atomic weight: [ 251 ] Standard state: solid at 298 K CAS Registry ID: 7440-71-3	Group in periodic table: Group name: Actinoid Period in periodic table: 7 (actinoid) Block in periodic table: f-block Colour: unknown, but probably metallic and silvery white or grey in appearance Classification: Metallic

Californium: historical information

Californium was discovered by Glenn T. Seaborg, Stanley G. Thompson, Albert Ghiorso, Kenneth Street at 1950 in USA. Origin of name: named after the State and University of "California", USA.

Californium was produced by Ghiorso and others at the University of California, Berkeley, USA in 1950 who bombarded ²⁴²Cm with helium ions.

Californium: physical properties

Melting point: 1173 [or 900 °C (1652 °F)] K
Boiling point: no data K
Density of solid: 15100 kg m^-3

Ground state electron configuration: [Rn].5f¹⁰.7s²
Shell structure: 2.8.18.32.28.8.2
Term symbol: ⁵I₈
Pauling electronegativity: 1.3 (Pauling units)
First ionisation energy: 608 kJ mol^-1
Second ionisation energy: no data kJ mol^-1

Isolation

Isolation: coming soon!

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Tb	Dy	Ho
Bk	Cf	Es

Californium	Californium
Californium	Californium
Californio	Californio
Californium	Califórnio

Californium
- Essential data: names, symbol, atomic number, and atomic weight; block, period, and group in periodic table; description; standard state; registry number; and isolation
- History: meaning of name; discovery; and history of the element
- Uses
- Find a property

Californium around us
- Geology: Abundance of elements in the universe; the sun; meteorites; Earth's crust; oceans; and streams
- Biology: Abundance in humans; biological role; and health hazards)
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Chemistry and compounds
- Compounds: halides, oxides, sulfides, hydrides, and complexes; lattice energies; and reduction potentials
- Reactions of californium: reactions of californium with air; water; halogens; acids; and bases
- Electronegativities: Pauling; Sanderson; Allred Rochow; Mulliken-Jaffe; and Allen
- Bond enthalpies of diatomic species
- Lattice energies
Element properties
- Physics properties: Boiling point; melting point; density; molar volume; thermal conductivity; and electrical resistivity; bulk modulus; critical temperature; superconductivity temperature; hardness (mineralogical, Brinell, and Vickers); linear expansion coefficient; Poisson's ratio; reflectivity; refractive index; rigidity modulus; Young's modulus; velocity of sound
- Crystal structure
- Thermochemistry: enthalpies of atomization, fusion, and vaporization; thermodynamic properties
- Pictures
Atom properties
- Electron shell properties: Electronic configuration; term symbol; electron affinity; ionization energies; and atomic spectra
- Atom sizes: atomic radius; Shannon and Pauling ionic radii; covalent radius; metallic radius; element bond length; and Van der Waals radius
- Atomic orbital properties: effective nuclear charge; electron binding energies; and valence orbital radii maxima
Nuclear properties
- Isotopes: isotope abundances; radioactive isotopes; isotope masses; nuclear spins; and nuclear magnetic moment
- NMR properties: frequencies; isotopes; magnetogyric ratios; quadrupole moments; receptivities; and relative sensitivities
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1	2															3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18

1 H																															2 He
3 Li	4 Be																									5 B	6 C	7 N	8 O	9 F	10 Ne
11 Na	12 Mg																									13 Al	14 Si	15 P	16 S	17 Cl	18 Ar
19 K	20 Ca															21 Sc	22 Ti	23 V	24 Cr	25 Mn	26 Fe	27 Co	28 Ni	29 Cu	30 Zn	31 Ga	32 Ge	33 As	34 Se	35 Br	36 Kr
37 Rb	38 Sr															39 Y	40 Zr	41 Nb	42 Mo	43 Tc	44 Ru	45 Rh	46 Pd	47 Ag	48 Cd	49 In	50 Sn	51 Sb	52 Te	53 I	54 Xe
55 Cs	56 Ba	57 La	58 Ce	59 Pr	60 Nd	61 Pm	62 Sm	63 Eu	64 Gd	65 Tb	66 Dy	67 Ho	68 Er	69 Tm	70 Yb	71 Lu	72 Hf	73 Ta	74 W	75 Re	76 Os	77 Ir	78 Pt	79 Au	80 Hg	81 Tl	82 Pb	83 Bi	84 Po	85 At	86 Rn
87 Fr	88 Ra	89 Ac	90 Th	91 Pa	92 U	93 Np	94 Pu	95 Am	96 Cm	97 Bk	98 Cf	99 Es	100 Fm	101 Md	102 No	103 Lr	104 Rf	105 Db	106 Sg	107 Bh	108 Hs	109 Mt	110 Ds	111 Rg	112 Cn	113 Uut	114 Fl	115 Uup	116 Lv	117 Uus	118 Uuo

Californium

Californium: the essentials

Californium: historical information

Californium: physical properties

Californium: orbital properties

Isolation

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