WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Lanthanum

Lanthanum: historical information

Lanthanum was discovered by Carl Gustaf Mosander at 1839 in Sweden. Origin of name: from the Greek word "lanthanein" meaning "to lie hidden". Further information on origin of name and discovery dates

Carl Gustav Mosander recognized the element lanthanum in impure cerium nitrate in 1839. His extraction resulted in the oxide lanthana (La₂O₃). A number of other lanthanides (rare-earths) were later discovered by identification of the impurities in yttrium and cerium compounds.

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Lanthanum	Lanthane
Lanthan	Lanthaan
Lantanio	Lantano
Lantan	Lantânio

Lanthanum
- Essential data: names, symbol, atomic number, and atomic weight; block, period, and group in periodic table; description; standard state; registry number; and isolation
- History: meaning of name; discovery; and history of the element
- Uses
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Lanthanum around us
- Geology: Abundance of elements in the universe; the sun; meteorites; Earth's crust; oceans; and streams
- Biology: Abundance in humans; biological role; and health hazards)
Chemistry and compounds
- Compounds: halides, oxides, sulfides, hydrides, and complexes; lattice energies; and reduction potentials
- Reactions of lanthanum: reactions of lanthanum with air; water; halogens; acids; and bases
- Electronegativities: Pauling; Sanderson; Allred Rochow; Mulliken-Jaffe; and Allen
- Bond enthalpies of diatomic species
- Lattice energies
Element properties
- Physics properties: Boiling point; melting point; density; molar volume; thermal conductivity; and electrical resistivity; bulk modulus; critical temperature; superconductivity temperature; hardness (mineralogical, Brinell, and Vickers); linear expansion coefficient; Poisson's ratio; reflectivity; refractive index; rigidity modulus; Young's modulus; velocity of sound
- Crystal structure
- Thermochemistry: enthalpies of atomization, fusion, and vaporization; thermodynamic properties
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Atom properties
- Electron shell properties: Electronic configuration; term symbol; electron affinity; ionization energies; and atomic spectra
- Atom sizes: atomic radius; Shannon and Pauling ionic radii; covalent radius; metallic radius; element bond length; and Van der Waals radius
- Atomic orbital properties: effective nuclear charge; electron binding energies; and valence orbital radii maxima
Nuclear properties
- Isotopes: isotope abundances; radioactive isotopes; isotope masses; nuclear spins; and nuclear magnetic moment
- NMR properties: frequencies; isotopes; magnetogyric ratios; quadrupole moments; receptivities; and relative sensitivities
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Sr
Ba	La	Ce
Ra	Ac	Th