Ionization energy: 9th

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Pictorial representations

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Definition

The 9th ionization energy of the element M is a measure of the energy required to remove one electron from one mole of the gaseous ion M⁸⁺

Units

kJ mol^-1

Notes

Literature sources

1. J.E. Huheey, E.A. Keiter, and R.L. Keiter in Inorganic Chemistry : Principles of Structure and Reactivity, 4th edition, HarperCollins, New York, USA, 1993.D.R. Lide, (Ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 79th edition, 1998.
2. J.A. Dean (ed) in Lange's Handbook of Chemistry, McGraw-Hill, New York, USA, 14th edition, 1992.