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Compounds of hydrogen:

hydrogen (I) bromide

• Formula as commonly written: HBr
• Hill system formula: Br₁H₁
• CAS registry number: [10035-10-6]
• Formula weight: 80.912
• Class: bromide

Synonyms

• hydrogen (I) bromide
• hydrogen bromide
• hyrobromic acid

Physical properties

• Colour: colourless
• Appearance: gas
• Melting point: -88.6°C
• Boiling point: -67°C
• Density: 2603 kg m^-3 (liquid near freezing point); 3.55 kg m^-3 (gas)

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Element analysis and oxidation numbers

Synthesis

Hydrogen bromide gas can be made in the laboratory by the bromination of tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene). The downside is that half of the bromine is lost. The yield is about 94% (that is, 47% of the bromine ends up as HBr).

C₁₀H₁₂ + 4Br₂ → C₁₀H₈Br₄ + 4HBr

Hydrogen bromide gas may also be made in the laboratory by the reaction of concentrated sulphuric acid upon sodium bromide. However, a lot of the product is lost by oxidation with excess sulphuric acid to form bromine and sulphur dioxide.

NaBr(s) + H₂SO₄ → HBr(g) + NaHSO₄(s)

Hydrogen bromide may be made in the laboratory by the reaction between purified hydrogen gas and bromine. This is catalyzed by platinized asbestos and carried out in a quartz tube at 250°C.

Br₂ + H₂ [Pt] → 2HBr

Solid state structure

• Geometry of hydrogen: 1 coordinate: terminus
• Prototypical structure:

Isotope pattern

What follows is the calculated isotope pattern for the HBr unit with the most intense ion set to 100%.

Formula: H₁Br₁

mass  %
80 100.0 __________________________________________________
81   0.0 
82  97.3 _________________________________________________
83   0.0 

References

The data on these compounds pages are assembled and adapted from the primary literature and several other sources including the following.

• R.T. Sanderson in Chemical Periodicity, Reinhold, New York, USA, 1960.
• N.N. Greenwood and A. Earnshaw in Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd edition, Butterworth, UK, 1997.
• F.A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C.A. Murillo, and M. Bochmann, in Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
• A.F. Trotman-Dickenson, (ed.) in Comprehensive Inorganic Chemistry, Pergamon, Oxford, UK, 1973.
• R.W.G. Wyckoff, in Crystal Structures, volume 1, Interscience, John Wiley & Sons, 1963.
• A.R.West in Basic solid state chemistry Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
• A.F. Wells in Structural inorganic chemistry, 4th edition, Oxford, UK, 1975.
• J.D.H. Donnay, (ed.) in Crystal data determinative tables, ACA monograph number 5, American Crystallographic Association, USA, 1963.
• D.R. Lide, (ed.) in Chemical Rubber Company handbook of chemistry and physics, CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 77th edition, 1996.
• J.W. Mellor in A comprehensive treatise on inorganic and theoretical chemistry, volumes 1-16, Longmans, London, UK, 1922-1937.
• J.E. Macintyre (ed.) in Dictionary of inorganic compounds, volumes 1-3, Chapman & Hall, London, UK, 1992.

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