There seems to be a possibility that nickel compounds might help in the electrolysis of water, the reaction at the centre of hydrogen fuel cells. Researchers at the Joseph Fourier University in Grenoble, and at the French Atomic Energy Commission in Gif-sur-Yvette and attached a nickel compound that mimics hydrogenase enzymes (catalysts) and attached it to the surface of carbon nanotubes. This maximises the catalyst's surface area. The resulting material was tested using a proton-exchange membrane and produced hydrogen from a sulphuric acid solution. The result is only 1% as efficient than commercial platinum catalysts but is stable under typical fuel cell conditions, justifying further study.1

• 1. From Hydrogenases to Noble Metal-Free Catalytic Nanomaterials for H2 Production and Uptake,
  Le Goff, A., Artero V., Jousselme B., Tran P. D., Guillet N., Metaye R., Fihri A., Palacin S., and Fontecave M.
  , Science, 12/2009, Volume 326, Issue 5958, p.1384 - 1387, (2009)
  

Abstract: Interconversion of water and hydrogen in unitized regenerative fuel cells is a promising energy storage framework for smoothing out the temporal fluctuations of solar and wind power. However, replacement of presently available platinum catalysts by lower-cost and more abundant materials is a requisite for this technology to become economically viable. Here, we show that the covalent attachment of a nickel bisdiphosphine–based mimic of the active site of hydrogenase enzymes onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes results in a high–surface area cathode material with high catalytic activity under the strongly acidic conditions required in proton exchange membrane technology. Hydrogen evolves from aqueous sulfuric acid solution with very low overvoltages (20 millivolts), and the catalyst exhibits exceptional stability (more than 100,000 turnovers). The same catalyst is also very efficient for hydrogen oxidation in this environment, exhibiting current densities similar to those observed for hydrogenase-based materials.

From Hydrogenases to Noble Metal-Free Catalytic Nanomaterials for H2 Production and Uptake, Le Goff, A., Artero V., Jousselme B., Tran P. D., Guillet N., Metaye R., Fihri A., Palacin S., and Fontecave M. , Science, 12/2009, Volume 326, Issue 5958, p.1384 - 1387, (2009)

Abstract: described is a room-temperature hydrogen sensor comprised of a TiO₂-nanotube array able to recover substantially from sensor poisoning through ultraviolet (UV) photocatalytic oxidation of the contaminating agent; in this case, various grades of motor oil. The TiO2 nanotubes comprising the sensor are a mixture of both anatase and rutile phases, having nominal dimensions of 22-nm inner diameter, 13.5-nm wall thickness, and 400-nm length, coated with a 10-nm-thick noncontinuous palladium layer. At 24°C, in response to 1000 ppm of hydrogen, the sensors show a fully reversible change in electrical resistance of approximately 175,000%. Cyclic voltammograms using a 1 N KOH electrolyte under 170 mW/cm² UV illumination show, for both a clean and an oil-contaminated sensor, anodic current densities of approximately 28 mA/cm² at 2.5 V. The open circuit oxidation potential shows a shift from 0.5 V to –0.97 V upon UV illumination.

A room-temperature titania-nanotube hydrogen sensor able to self-clean photoactively from environmental contamination, Mor, Gopal K., Carvalho Maria A., Varghese Ooman K., Pishko Michael V., and Grimes Craig A. , Journal of Materials Research, 02/2004, Volume 19, Issue 2, p.628?634, (2004)

The Group 1 elements other than hydrogen are called the alkali metals. The Group 1 elements are:

• Hydrogen
• Lithium
• Sodium
• Potassium
• Rubidium
• Caesium
• Francium

The Group 1 metals are all highly reactive silvery metals that are so reactive to air and moisture that they must be stored under an inert atmosphere or oil. They are all soft and can be cut easily with a knife.

Hydrogen is usually placed at the top of the Group but is not a Group 1 metal.

The electronic configuration of the elements all consist of a lone s-electron outside an inner core of electron corresponding to the previous inert gas.

Here is a list of the elements sorted by atomic number.

Element name	Element symbol	Atomic number
Hydrogen	H	1
Helium	He	2
Lithium	Li	3

The JANET periodic table.

Group															3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	1	2
Period
1																															1 H	2 He
1																															3 Li	4 Be
2																									5 B	6 C	7 N	8 O	9 F	10 Ne	11 Na	12 Mg
3																									13 Al	14 Si	15 P	16 S	17 Cl	18 Ar	19 K	20 Ca
4															21 Sc	22 Ti	23 V	24 Cr	25 Mn	26 Fe	27 Co	28 Ni	29 Cu	30 Zn	31 Ga	32 Ge	33 As	34 Se	35 Br	36 Kr	37 Rb	38 Sr
5															39 Y	40 Zr	41 Nb	42 Mo	43 Tc	44 Ru	45 Rh	46 Pd	47 Ag	48 Cd	49 In	50 Sn	51 Sb	52 Te	53 I	54 Xe	55 Cs	56 Ba
6	57 La	58 Ce	59 Pr	60 Nd	61 Pm	62 Sm	63 Eu	64 Gd	65 Tb	66 Dy	67 Ho	68 Er	69 Tm	70 Yb	71 Lu	72 Hf	73 Ta	74 W	75 Re	76 Os	77 Ir	78 Pt	79 Au	80 Hg	81 Tl	82 Pb	83 Bi	84 Po	85 At	86 Rn	87 Fr	88 Ra
7	89 Ac	90 Th	91 Pa	92 U	93 Np	94 Pu	95 Am	96 Cm	97 Bk	98 Cf	99 Es	100 Fm	101 Md	102 No	103 Lr	104 Rf	105 Db	106 Sg	107 Bh	108 Hs	109 Mt	110 Ds	111 Rg	112 Cp	113 Uut	114 Uuq	115 Uup	116 Uuh	117 Uus	118 Uuo	119 Uue	120 Ubn

Here is a list of the elements sorted by element symbol.

Element name	Element symbol	Atomic number
Actinium	Ac	89
Silver	Ag	47
Aluminium (aluminum)	Al	13
Americium	Am	95
Argon	Ar	18
Arsenic	As	33
Astatine	At	85
Gold	Au	79
Boron	B	5
Barium	Ba	56
Beryllium	Be	4
Bohrium	Bh	107
Bismuth	Bi	83
Berkelium	Bk	97
Bromine	Br	35
Carbon	C	6
Calcium	Ca	20
Cadmium	Cd	48
Cerium	Ce	58
Californium	Cf	98
Chlorine	Cl	17
Curium	Cm	96
Cobalt	Co	27
Copernicium	Cp	112
Chromium	Cr	24
Caesium (Cesium)	Cs	55
Copper	Cu	29
Dubnium	Db	105
Darmstadtium	Ds	110
Dysprosium	Dy	66
Erbium	Er	68
Einsteinium	Es	99
Europium	Eu	63
Fluorine	F	9
Iron	Fe	26
Fermium	Fm	100
Francium	Fr	87
Gallium	Ga	31
Gadolinium	Gd	64
Germanium	Ge	32
Hydrogen	H	1
Helium	He	2
Hafnium	Hf	72
Mercury	Hg	80
Holmium	Ho	67
Hassium	Hs	108
Iodine	I	53
Indium	In	49
Iridium	Ir	77
Potassium	K	19
Krypton	Kr	36
Lanthanum	La	57
Lithium	Li	3
Lawrencium	Lr	103
Lutetium	Lu	71
Mendelevium	Md	101
Magnesium	Mg	12
Manganese	Mn	25
Molybdenum	Mo	42
Meitnerium	Mt	109
Nitrogen	N	7
Sodium	Na	11
Niobium	Nb	41
Neodymium	Nd	60
Neon	Ne	10
Nickel	Ni	28
Nobelium	No	102
Neptunium	Np	93
Oxygen	O	8
Osmium	Os	76
Phosphorus	P	15
Protactinium	Pa	91
Lead	Pb	82
Palladium	Pd	46
Promethium	Pm	61
Polonium	Po	84
Praseodymium	Pr	59
Platinum	Pt	78
Plutonium	Pu	94
Radium	Ra	88
Rubidium	Rb	37
Rhenium	Re	75
Rutherfordium	Rf	104
Roentgenium	Rg	111
Rhodium	Rh	45
Radon	Rn	86
Ruthenium	Ru	44
Sulfur (Sulphur)	S	16
Antimony	Sb	51
Scandium	Sc	21
Selenium	Se	34
Seaborgium	Sg	106
Silicon	Si	14
Samarium	Sm	62
Tin	Sn	50
Strontium	Sr	38
Tantalum	Ta	73
Terbium	Tb	65
Technetium	Tc	43
Tellurium	Te	52
Thorium	Th	90
Titanium	Ti	22
Thallium	Tl	81
Thulium	Tm	69
Uranium	U	92
Ununhexium	Uuh	116
Ununoctium	Uuo	118
Ununpentium	Uup	115
Ununquadium	Uuq	114
Ununseptium	Uus	117
Ununtrium	Uut	113
Vanadium	V	23
Tungsten	W	74
Xenon	Xe	54
Yttrium	Y	39
Ytterbium	Yb	70
Zinc	Zn	30
Zirconium	Zr	40

Here is a list of the elements sorted by alphabetically by element name.

Element name	Element symbol	Atomic number
Actinium	Ac	89
Aluminium (aluminum)	Al	13
Americium	Am	95
Antimony	Sb	51
Argon	Ar	18
Arsenic	As	33
Astatine	At	85
Barium	Ba	56
Berkelium	Bk	97
Beryllium	Be	4
Bismuth	Bi	83
Bohrium	Bh	107
Boron	B	5
Bromine	Br	35
Cadmium	Cd	48
Caesium (Cesium)	Cs	55
Calcium	Ca	20
Californium	Cf	98
Carbon	C	6
Cerium	Ce	58
Chlorine	Cl	17
Chromium	Cr	24
Cobalt	Co	27
Copernicium	Cp	112
Copper	Cu	29
Curium	Cm	96
Darmstadtium	Ds	110
Dubnium	Db	105
Dysprosium	Dy	66
Einsteinium	Es	99
Erbium	Er	68
Europium	Eu	63
Fermium	Fm	100
Fluorine	F	9
Francium	Fr	87
Gadolinium	Gd	64
Gallium	Ga	31
Germanium	Ge	32
Gold	Au	79
Hafnium	Hf	72
Hassium	Hs	108
Helium	He	2
Holmium	Ho	67
Hydrogen	H	1
Indium	In	49
Iodine	I	53
Iridium	Ir	77
Iron	Fe	26
Krypton	Kr	36
Lanthanum	La	57
Lawrencium	Lr	103
Lead	Pb	82
Lithium	Li	3
Lutetium	Lu	71
Magnesium	Mg	12
Manganese	Mn	25
Meitnerium	Mt	109
Mendelevium	Md	101
Mercury	Hg	80
Molybdenum	Mo	42
Neodymium	Nd	60
Neon	Ne	10
Neptunium	Np	93
Nickel	Ni	28
Niobium	Nb	41
Nitrogen	N	7
Nobelium	No	102
Osmium	Os	76
Oxygen	O	8
Palladium	Pd	46
Phosphorus	P	15
Platinum	Pt	78
Plutonium	Pu	94
Polonium	Po	84
Potassium	K	19
Praseodymium	Pr	59
Promethium	Pm	61
Protactinium	Pa	91
Radium	Ra	88
Radon	Rn	86
Rhenium	Re	75
Rhodium	Rh	45
Roentgenium	Rg	111
Rubidium	Rb	37
Ruthenium	Ru	44
Rutherfordium	Rf	104
Samarium	Sm	62
Scandium	Sc	21
Seaborgium	Sg	106
Selenium	Se	34
Silicon	Si	14
Silver	Ag	47
Sodium	Na	11
Strontium	Sr	38
Sulfur (Sulphur)	S	16
Tantalum	Ta	73
Technetium	Tc	43
Tellurium	Te	52
Terbium	Tb	65
Thallium	Tl	81
Thorium	Th	90
Thulium	Tm	69
Tin	Sn	50
Titanium	Ti	22
Tungsten	W	74
Ununhexium	Uuh	116
Ununoctium	Uuo	118
Ununpentium	Uup	115
Ununquadium	Uuq	114
Ununseptium	Uus	117
Ununtrium	Uut	113
Uranium	U	92
Vanadium	V	23
Xenon	Xe	54
Ytterbium	Yb	70
Yttrium	Y	39
Zinc	Zn	30
Zirconium	Zr	40

Sponsoring an element

The visible form of the sponsorship can be along the following lines (but if this is not what you had in mind, we may be able to work together towards your needs):

• banner ad (468 x 60 pixels) at top of all pages for that element
• additional small graphic button (120 x 60 pixels) on the left menu panel
• small "advertorial" on an appropriate page for that element, 30-60 words and a small image, set in a panel on that page.

In each case, we can direct users to an appropriate page within your own site.

WebElements user profile

WebElements users are intelligent and well-educated. According to an online survey responded to by 25000 users:

• about 65% of all users are from USA
• about 60% of all users are under 21 (average age 24, median age 16-17)
• about 50% of all users over 21 are degree holders
• the overall male:female ratio of users is almost exactly 50:50 (more female in younger age groups, more male in older age groups

If you are interested in sponsoring an element, or just adding to WebElements content, please contact WebElements in the first instance.

Table 1. Table of element "popularities" relative to hydrogen = 100

Element	Popularity	Element	Popularity	Element	Popularity
actinium	22	holmium	14	rhodium	21
aluminium	80	hydrogen	100	rubidium	25
americium	18	indium	25	ruthenium	22
antimony	26	iodine	39	rutherfordium	12
argon	41	iridium	23	samarium	15
arsenic	42	iron	72	scandium	29
astatine	19	krypton	39	seaborgium	13
barium	31	lanthanum	18	selenium	28
berkelium	14	lawrencium	13	silicon	65
beryllium	45	lead	48	silver	68
bismuth	23	lithium	64	sodium	76
bohrium	12	lutetium	16	strontium	26
boron	54	magnesium	63	sulphur	57
bromine	33	manganese	35	tantalum	22
cadmium	24	meitnerium	12	technetium	21
caesium	27	mendelevium	12	tellurium	21
calcium	69	mercury	54	terbium	14
californium	17	molybdenum	29	thallium	21
carbon	82	neodymium	16	thorium	16
cerium	18	neon	61	thulium	13
chlorine	57	neptunium	16	tin	43
chromium	45	nickel	50	titanium	62
cobalt	42	niobium	23	tungsten	34
copper	71	nitrogen	69	ununbium	12
curium	14	nobelium	13	ununhexium	14
dubnium	12	osmium	22	ununnilium	12
dysprosium	15	oxygen	73	ununoctium	22
einsteinium	18	palladium	24	ununpentium	5
erbium	15	phosphorus	51	ununquadium	15
europium	17	platinum	57	ununseptium	5
fermium	11	plutonium	28	ununtrium	5
fluorine	45	polonium	19	roentgenium	13
francium	20	potassium	65	uranium	40
gadolinium	16	praseodymium	16	vanadium	31
gallium	30	promethium	13	xenon	30
germanium	30	protactinium	13	ytterbium	15
gold	76	radium	25	yttrium	21
hafnium	18	radon	25	zinc	53
hassium	11	rhenium	20	zirconium	27
helium	58

CoperniciumIn honour of scientist and astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543), the discovering team around Professor Sigurd Hofmann suggested the name copernicium with the element symbol Cp for the new element 112, discovered at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung (Center for Heavy Ion Research) in Darmstadt. It was Copernicus who discovered that the Earth orbits the Sun, thus paving the way for our modern view of the world. Thirteen years ago, element 112 was discovered by an international team of scientists at the GSI accelerator facility. A few weeks ago, the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, IUPAC, officially confirmed their discovery. In around six months, IUPAC will officially endorse the new element's name. This period is set to allow the scientific community to discuss the suggested name copernicium before the IUPAC naming.

"After IUPAC officially recognized our discovery, we – that is all scientists involved in the discovery – agreed on proposing the name copernicium for the new element 112. We would like to honor an outstanding scientist, who changed our view of the world", says Sigurd Hofmann, head of the discovering team.

Copernicus was born 1473 in Torun; he died 1543 in Frombork, Poland. Working in the field of astronomy, he realized that the planets circle the Sun. His discovery refuted the then accepted belief that the Earth was the center of the universe. His finding was pivotal for the discovery of the gravitational force, which is responsible for the motion of the planets. It also led to the conclusion that the stars are incredibly far away and the universe inconceivably large, as the size and position of the stars does not change even though the Earth is moving. Furthermore, the new world view inspired by Copernicus had an impact on the human self-concept in theology and philosophy: humankind could no longer be seen as the center of the world.

With its planets revolving around the Sun on different orbits, the solar system is also a model for other physical systems. The structure of an atom is like a microcosm: its electrons orbit the atomic nucleus like the planets orbit the Sun. Exactly 112 electrons circle the atomic nucleus in an atom of the new element "copernicium".

Element 112 is the heaviest element in the periodic table, 277 times heavier than hydrogen. It is produced by a nuclear fusion, when bombarding zinc ions onto a lead target. As the element already decays after a split second, its existence can only be proved with the help of extremely fast and sensitive analysis methods. Twenty-one scientists from Germany, Finland, Russia and Slovakia have been involved in the experiments that led to the discovery of element 112.

Since 1981, GSI accelerator experiments have yielded the discovery of six chemical elements, which carry the atomic numbers 107 to 112. The discovering teams at GSI already named five of them: element 107 is called bohrium, element 108 hassium, element 109 meitnerium, element 110 darmstadtium, and element 111 is named roentgenium.