Gold: physical properties

Gold is a soft metal with a number of interesting physical properties. Gold is both malleable and ductile. Gold is a heavy metal (density 19.3 g cm-3) and one gram of gold can be hammered out into a thin sheet of gold a metre in area, and just 230 atoms or so thick. Gold leaf is translucent and the transmitted light is greenish blue (gold metal reflects yellow and red, leaving the greenish blue colour. One gram of gold can be drawn into a thin wire 165 metres long and just 20 micrometres thick. X-ray data suggest electrons from filled d bands near the electron energy surface of the s-p conduction band are excited by near ultraviolet and blue energies, giving rise to the characteristic gold colour of the metal.

Temperatures

States at 298 K

Expansion and conduction properties

Bulk properties

Elastic properties

Hardnesses

Electrical properties

Optical properties

The image above is a virtual representation of gold metal calculated by Patrick Callet using the complex diectric function of the element only.

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gold atomic number