WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Lawrencium

Lawrencium: historical information

Lawrencium was discovered by Albert Ghiorso, Torbjorn Sikkeland, Almon Larsh, Robert M. Latimer at 1961 in United States. Origin of name: temporary IUPAC nomenclature. The origin of the Amercian Chemical Society preferred name is Ernest O. "Lawrence", inventor of the cyclotron. Further information on origin of name and discovery dates

Element 103, lawrencium, was discovered in 1961 by Ghiorso and others in Berkeley, California, USA, who bombarded a californium target with boron ions. They obtained perhaps two micrograms. Several lawrencium isotopes including those with masses 253, 254, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259, and 260 are known now.

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Lawrencium	Lawrencium
Lawrencium	Lawrencium
Lawrentio	Lawrencio
Lawrencium	Lawrêncio

Lawrencium
- Essential data: names, symbol, atomic number, and atomic weight; block, period, and group in periodic table; description; standard state; registry number; and isolation
- History: meaning of name; discovery; and history of the element
- Uses
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Lawrencium around us
- Geology: Abundance of elements in the universe; the sun; meteorites; Earth's crust; oceans; and streams
- Biology: Abundance in humans; biological role; and health hazards)
Chemistry and compounds
- Compounds: halides, oxides, sulfides, hydrides, and complexes; lattice energies; and reduction potentials
- Reactions of lawrencium: reactions of lawrencium with air; water; halogens; acids; and bases
- Electronegativities: Pauling; Sanderson; Allred Rochow; Mulliken-Jaffe; and Allen
- Bond enthalpies of diatomic species
- Lattice energies
Element properties
- Physics properties: Boiling point; melting point; density; molar volume; thermal conductivity; and electrical resistivity; bulk modulus; critical temperature; superconductivity temperature; hardness (mineralogical, Brinell, and Vickers); linear expansion coefficient; Poisson's ratio; reflectivity; refractive index; rigidity modulus; Young's modulus; velocity of sound
- Crystal structure
- Thermochemistry: enthalpies of atomization, fusion, and vaporization; thermodynamic properties
- Pictures
Atom properties
- Electron shell properties: Electronic configuration; term symbol; electron affinity; ionization energies; and atomic spectra
- Atom sizes: atomic radius; Shannon and Pauling ionic radii; covalent radius; metallic radius; element bond length; and Van der Waals radius
- Atomic orbital properties: effective nuclear charge; electron binding energies; and valence orbital radii maxima
Nuclear properties
- Isotopes: isotope abundances; radioactive isotopes; isotope masses; nuclear spins; and nuclear magnetic moment
- NMR properties: frequencies; isotopes; magnetogyric ratios; quadrupole moments; receptivities; and relative sensitivities
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Yb	Lu	Hf
No	Lr	Rf