WebElements Periodic Table of the Elements | Gadolinium

Gadolinium: historical information

Gadolinium was discovered by Jean de Marignac at 1880 in Switzerland. Origin of name: named after J. "Gadolin", a Finnish chemist and minerologist. Further information on origin of name and discovery dates

Spectroscopic lines due to gadolinium were observed by Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac in 1880 in samples of didymia and gadolinite. Gadolinia, the oxide of gadolinium, was separated by Paul-Emile Loq de Biosbaudran in 1886. The element was named for the mineral gadolinite from which this rare earth was originally obtained. The element itself was isolated only recently.

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Gadolinium	Gadolinium
Gadolinium	Gadolinium
Gadolinio	Gadolinio
Gadolinium	Gadolíneo

Gadolinium
- Essential data: names, symbol, atomic number, and atomic weight; block, period, and group in periodic table; description; standard state; registry number; and isolation
- History: meaning of name; discovery; and history of the element
- Uses
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Gadolinium around us
- Geology: Abundance of elements in the universe; the sun; meteorites; Earth's crust; oceans; and streams
- Biology: Abundance in humans; biological role; and health hazards)
Chemistry and compounds
- Compounds: halides, oxides, sulfides, hydrides, and complexes; lattice energies; and reduction potentials
- Reactions of gadolinium: reactions of gadolinium with air; water; halogens; acids; and bases
- Electronegativities: Pauling; Sanderson; Allred Rochow; Mulliken-Jaffe; and Allen
- Bond enthalpies of diatomic species
- Lattice energies
Element properties
- Physics properties: Boiling point; melting point; density; molar volume; thermal conductivity; and electrical resistivity; bulk modulus; critical temperature; superconductivity temperature; hardness (mineralogical, Brinell, and Vickers); linear expansion coefficient; Poisson's ratio; reflectivity; refractive index; rigidity modulus; Young's modulus; velocity of sound
- Crystal structure
- Thermochemistry: enthalpies of atomization, fusion, and vaporization; thermodynamic properties
- Pictures
Atom properties
- Electron shell properties: Electronic configuration; term symbol; electron affinity; ionization energies; and atomic spectra
- Atom sizes: atomic radius; Shannon and Pauling ionic radii; covalent radius; metallic radius; element bond length; and Van der Waals radius
- Atomic orbital properties: effective nuclear charge; electron binding energies; and valence orbital radii maxima
Nuclear properties
- Isotopes: isotope abundances; radioactive isotopes; isotope masses; nuclear spins; and nuclear magnetic moment
- NMR properties: frequencies; isotopes; magnetogyric ratios; quadrupole moments; receptivities; and relative sensitivities
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Eu	Gd	Tb
Am	Cm	Bk